ErbB

1. 본문

ErbB refers to a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are structurally related to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The ErbB family plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis.

The ErbB family consists of four members:

• ErbB1 (also known as EGFR or HER1)
• ErbB2 (also known as HER2 or Neu)
• ErbB3 (also known as HER3)
• ErbB4 (also known as HER4)

• Structure: ErbB receptors have an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain.
• Activation: They are activated by ligand binding, which leads to receptor dimerization (homodimerization or heterodimerization).
• Signaling Pathways: ErbB receptors signal through various pathways, including the Akt and MAPK pathways, to influence cell behavior.
• Ligands: ErbB1, ErbB3, and ErbB4 bind to specific ligands. ErbB2 doesn't have a direct ligand but is activated through heterodimerization.
• Unique characteristics: ErbB2 is an orphan receptor and requires heterodimer formation with a different ligand bound family member. ErbB3 has impaired kinase activity.
• Role in Development: They are vital during the growth and development of tissues, including the heart, mammary gland, and central nervous system.
• Cancer Association: Overexpression, amplification, or mutation of ErbB family members and their ligands are often found in various cancers, making them important therapeutic targets. For example, EGFR is associated with gliomas and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while ErbB2 amplifications are seen in breast, ovarian, and other cancers.