CXCL1

1. 본문

CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1) is a small protein belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is also known by other names, including:

• GRO1 oncogene
• GROα
• Neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3)
• Melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MGSA-α)
• KC
• CINC-1

• Chemoattractant: CXCL1 acts as a chemoattractant, primarily for neutrophils, guiding them to sites of injury or infection. It can also attract other immune cells and even non-hematopoietic cells.
• Inflammation: It plays a significant role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses.
• Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis: CXCL1 has a role in the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to processes like tumor progression.
• Cardiac Fibrosis: It is implicated in cardiac fibrosis, especially that induced by hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or post-irradiation.

• Gene Location: In humans, the CXCL1 gene is located on chromosome 4 within a cluster of genes for other CXC chemokines.
• Protein Structure: CXCL1 is a small peptide, approximately 8 kDa in size.
• Receptor: CXCL1 primarily signals through the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 (also known as IL-8 receptor type B), but it can also bind, albeit with lower affinity, to CXCR1 (IL-8 receptor type A).

• Cancer: CXCL1 has been shown to play a role in the development and progression of various tumors, including breast cancer, gastric and colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, and melanoma.
• Neurological Conditions: Plays a part in the nervous system. It is implicated in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
• Other Conditions: CXCL1 is associated with tonsillitis and bacterial meningitis.

• CXCL1 can be secreted by various cell types including macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and epithelial cells.
• A microarray study identified Cxcl1 as a novel PTH/PTHrP-responsive gene in osteoblasts (bone-forming cells).