친원파

1. 본문

"친원파" (Chinwonpa) refers to a pro-Yuan Dynasty faction in Goryeo history. Here's a breakdown of what that means and some key aspects:
Meaning:

• 친 (Chin, 親): Means "close" or "pro-"
• 원 (Won, 元): Refers to the Yuan Dynasty of China, established by Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire.
• 파 (Pa, 派): Means "faction," "group," or "party."

• Yuan Dynasty Interference: After the Mongol invasions of Korea (1231-1259), Goryeo became a subordinate state to the Yuan Dynasty. This period is known as the era of Yuan intervention.
• Pro-Yuan vs. Anti-Yuan: During this time, there was significant political division within Goryeo. The *Chinwonpa* were those who collaborated with or supported the Yuan Dynasty. They often gained power and influence by aligning themselves with the Yuan. In contrast, there were also anti-Yuan factions who resisted Mongol influence.
• Actions of Chinwonpa: Some members of the Chinwonpa went so far as to adopt Mongol customs, names, and even actively worked against Goryeo's attempts to regain autonomy. Some even instigated rebellions.
• Examples of Chinwonpa:
• The Jo clan of Hanyang, who served as hereditary chiefs of the Ssangseong Prefecutre established by Yuan in the Hamgyeong Province.
• Individuals like Jo Hwi, Gicheol, Gwongyeom, and Nochaek.
• King Gongmin's Reforms: King Gongmin (14th century) implemented reforms to reduce Yuan influence. He removed pro-Yuan officials, restored territory, and promoted Korean culture.

• Conflict with Pro-Ming Faction: In the late 14th Century, as the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan in China, a conflict emerged in Goryeo court between the Chinwonpa and the Chinmyeongpa (pro-Ming Faction).
• Relative Term: "Chinwonpa" is relative term. It exists in opposition of some other groups, like the anti-yuan groups, and "Chinmyeongpa".