반취약성

3. 반취약성, 적응성, 인지성

적응형 시스템은 사용 시점에 이용 가능한 정보를 바탕으로 행동을 변화시키는 시스템이다(시스템 설계 시에 행동이 정의되는 것과 대조적이다). 이러한 특성은 때때로 인지적이라고 불린다. 적응형 시스템은 (시스템 설계 시에는 알 수 없는) 다양한 시나리오에서 강건성을 허용하지만, 반드시 반취약성을 가지는 것은 아니다. 즉, 적응형 시스템과 반취약성의 차이는 변동성이 심한 환경/조건에서 강건한 시스템과 이전에 알려지지 않은 환경에서 강건한 시스템의 차이이다.^[1]

4. 수학적 휴리스틱

탈레브는 취약성을 감지하기 위한 간단한 휴리스틱을 제안했다.^[19] 어떤 모델 f(a)가 있을 때, a에 대한 작은 변화(Δ)를 주었을 때, 모델의 평균 결과가 기준선보다 현저히 나빠진다면, 해당 입력에 대해 모델은 취약한 것이다. 이때 취약성, 강건성, 반취약성은 다음 수식에 의해 결정된다.

$H\; =\; \backslash frac\{f(a-\backslash Delta)+f(a+\backslash Delta)\}\{2\}-f(a)$

• 이면 취약성
• $H=0$ 이면 강건성
• $H>0$ 이면 반취약성

5. 적용 분야

이 개념은 물리학,^[34] 위험 분석,^[33][47] 분자생물학,^[36][48] 수송계획(:en:transportation planning),^[37][49] 공학,^[40][41][50] 항공우주(NASA),^[42] 거대프로젝트 관리,^[51] 컴퓨터 과학^{[40][43][44][45][52][53]}에 사용된다.

컴퓨터 과학에서는 전통적인 체계 설계에 대응하기 위해 "반취약성 소프트웨어 선언"을 위한 구조화된 제안이 존재한다.^[29][54] 주요 발상은 환경 조건의 입력을 통해 스스로를 향상시키는 체계를 설계하고 구축하여 반취약성을 함양시킨다는 것이다.

이 개념은 비즈니스 및 경영,^[20] 물리학,^[5] 위험 분석,^[4][21] 분자 생물학,^[7][22] 교통 계획,^[8][23] 도시 계획,^[24][25][26] 공학,^[11][12][10] 항공우주(NASA),^[13] 컴퓨터 과학,^{[11][14][15][16][27]} 및 수자원 시스템 설계에 적용되었다.^[28]

6. 참고 문서

• 정보 관리
• 조직 구조
• 체계 이론

참조

_[1] 서적 Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder https://archive.org/[...] Random House
_[2] 학술지 Mathematical definition, mapping, and detection of (anti) fragility
_[3] 학술지 The Concept of Antifragility and its Implications for the Practice of Risk Analysis
_[4] 학술지 Preparing for the future: Development of an 'antifragile' methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation https://strathprints[...]
_[5] 학술지 Asymmetric Coulomb fluids at randomly charged dielectric interfaces: Anti-fragility, overcharging and charge inversion https://arxiv.org/ab[...]
_[6] 학술지 Antifragility and tinkering in biology (and in business) flexibility provides an efficient epigenetic way to manage risk
_[7] 서적 Polyextremophiles
_[8] 간행물 Detecting antifragile decisions and models lessons from a conceptual analysis model of Service Life Extension of aging vehicles https://ieeexplore.i[...] IEEE 2014-03
_[9] 간행물 The use of antifragility heuristics in transport planning https://trid.trb.org[...] 2014-08
_[10] 학술지 Applying Systems and Safety Engineering Principles for Antifragility https://www.scienced[...]
_[11] 학술지 Engineering Antifragile Systems: A Change In Design Philosophy https://www.scienced[...]
_[12] 학술지 Antifragile Communications http://hdl.handle.ne[...] 2016-01-01
_[13] 문서 Antifragile Systems: An Enabler for System Engineering of Elegant Systems. https://ntrs.nasa.go[...] NASA 2015
_[14] 간행물 An initial approach towards the implementation of human error identification services for antifragile systems https://ieeexplore.i[...] IEEE 2014-09
_[15] 학술지 Toward Antifragile Cloud Computing Infrastructures https://www.scienced[...]
_[16] 학술지 Positioning Antifragility for Clouds on Public Infrastructures https://www.scienced[...]
_[17] 학술지 Ecosystem antifragility: Beyond integrity and resilience
_[18] 학술지 A Novel Antifragility Measure Based on Satisfaction and Its Application to Random and Biological Boolean Networks 2019-05-28
_[19] 학술지 A New Heuristic Measure of Fragility and Tail Risks: Application to Stress Testing 2012-08-01
_[20] 학술지 Gaining from disorder: Making the case for antifragility in purchasing and supply chain management
_[21] 학술지 The Concept of Antifragility and its Implications for the Practice of Risk Analysis
_[22] 학술지 Antifragility and Tinkering in Biology (and in Business) Flexibility Provides an Efficient Epigenetic Way to Manage Risk 2011
_[23] 학술지 The Use of Anti-Fragility Heuristics in Transport Planning http://www.aitpm.com[...] Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management National Conference 2016-02-01
_[24] 학술지 Antifragile planning 2019-09-12
_[25] 학술지 Design for Disruption: Creating Anti-Fragile Urban Delta Landscapes https://www.cogitati[...] 2019-02-21
_[26] 학술지 Antifragile Cities – Decision Support Tools to Support the Implementation of the Climate-neutral and Smart Cities https://www.research[...] 2023
_[27] 학술지 Antifragile Communications http://hdl.handle.ne[...] 2020-09-27
_[28] 학술지 Emerging investigator series: moving beyond resilience by considering antifragility in potable water systems https://pubs.rsc.org[...] 2021-12-23
_[29] 학술지 A Proposal for an Antifragile Software Manifesto 2016-01-01
_[30] 서적 Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder https://books.google[...] Random House
_[31] 학술지 Mathematical definition, mapping, and detection of (anti) fragility
_[32] 학술지 The Concept of Antifragility and its Implications for the Practice of Risk Analysis
_[33] 학술지 Preparing for the future: Development of an ‘antifragile’ methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation
_[34] 학술지 Asymmetric Coulomb fluids at randomly charged dielectric interfaces: Anti-fragility, overcharging and charge inversion
_[35] 학술지 Antifragility and tinkering in biology (and in business) flexibility provides an efficient epigenetic way to manage risk
_[36] 서적 Niches and Adaptations of Polyextremotolerant Black Fungi Springer Netherlands 2013
_[37] 간행물 Detecting antifragile decisions and models lessons from a conceptual analysis model of Service Life Extension of aging vehicles IEEE 2014-03
_[38] 간행물 The use of antifragility heuristics in transport planning Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management (AITPM) National Conference 2014-08
_[39] 저널 Applying Systems and Safety Engineering Principles for Antifragility 2014
_[40] 저널 Engineering Antifragile Systems: A Change In Design Philosophy 2014
_[41] 저널 Antifragile Communications http://ieeexplore.ie[...] 2016-01-01
_[42] 문서 Antifragile Systems: An Enabler for System Engineering of Elegant Systems https://ntrs.nasa.go[...] NASA 2015
_[43] 간행물 An initial approach towards the implementation of [[human error]] identification services for antifragile systems IEEE 2014-09
_[44] 저널 Toward Antifragile Cloud Computing Infrastructures 2014
_[45] 저널 Principles of Antifragile Software https://arxiv.org/pd[...]
_[46] 저널 Positioning Antifragility for Clouds on Public Infrastructures 2014
_[47] 저널 The Concept of Antifragility and its Implications for the Practice of Risk Analysis 2014
_[48] 저널 Antifragility and Tinkering in Biology (and in Business) Flexibility Provides an Efficient Epigenetic Way to Manage Risk 2011
_[49] 저널 The Use of Anti-Fragility Heuristics in Transport Planning http://www.aitpm.com[...] Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management National Conference 2016-02-01
_[50] 저널 Applying Systems and Safety Engineering Principles for Antifragility 2014
_[51] 저널 Big is Fragile: An Attempt at Theorizing Scale 2016
_[52] 저널 Positioning Antifragility for Clouds on Public Infrastructures 2014
_[53] 저널 Antifragile Communications http://vtechworks.li[...] 2016-08-16
_[54] 저널 A Proposal for an Antifragile Software Manifesto http://www.sciencedi[...] 2016-01-01