흥청

1. 본문

"흥청" (Heungcheong) has several meanings, primarily related to the Joseon Dynasty and a specific historical context, but it can also be used in modern Korean. Here's a breakdown:
Historical Meaning (Joseon Dynasty):

• Royal Female Entertainers: During the reign of King Yeonsangun (1476-1506) in the Joseon Dynasty, *Heungcheong* (흥청, 興淸) referred to a group of *gisaeng* (female entertainers, similar to Japanese Geisha) specifically selected by the king. [1, 5] Yeonsangun gathered these women from all over the country. [3, 5]
• Top Tier: They were considered the most excellent among the *gisaeng*, and were part of a larger, systematically managed group of entertainers used for royal feasts. [5]
• Special Designation: Among the *Heungcheong*, those with whom the king had intimate relations were sometimes given the title "Cheon-gwa Heungcheong" (천과흥청), granting them special privileges. [6, 7]
• Origin of "Heungcheongmangcheong": The phrase "Heungcheongmangcheong" (흥청망청) originated from this historical context. [3, 6] It describes a situation of lavish spending and excessive indulgence, reflecting Yeonsangun's extravagant lifestyle with the *Heungcheong*. [3] The original meaning of *Heungcheong*, was intended to mean to cleanse away the wicked and filthy, according to one source. [2]

Modern Korean Usage:

• 흥청거리다 (Heungcheonggeorida): This verb has two primary meanings:
• To carouse, revel, or exult: To enjoy oneself freely and joyfully. [4] This describes a lively and festive atmosphere. Examples include: "흥청거리는 거리" (a bustling street), "흥청거리면서 놀다" (to play and revel).
• To waste or squander: To spend money or resources carelessly and excessively. [4] Examples include: "흥청거리며 돈을 쓰다" (to squander money), "흥청거리며 살다" (to live wastefully).

• "흥청거림" (Heungcheong-geolim):" The noun form, translates to revelry, carousal, or boisterousness. [8]

In essence, while "Heungcheong" itself historically refers to a specific group of women, the related verb and noun forms are used in modern Korean to describe lively, joyful celebration, or wasteful extravagance, with the latter carrying the connotation of the historical origin.