러더포듐 동위 원소

3. 합성

초중원소인 러더포듐은 더 가벼운 원소를 입자 가속기에서 충돌시켜 핵융합 반응을 유도하여 생성한다. 대부분의 러더포듐 동위 원소는 이러한 방식으로 직접 합성되지만, 일부 더 무거운 동위 원소는 더 무거운 원자 번호를 가진 원소의 붕괴 생성물로만 관찰되었다.^[37]

핵융합 반응은 관여하는 에너지에 따라 "열"과 "냉"으로 구분된다. 열 핵융합 반응에서는 매우 가볍고 고에너지의 투사체가 매우 무거운 표적(악티늄족)을 향해 가속되어 높은 에너지의 여기 상태(~40–50 MeV)에서 화합물 핵을 생성하며, 이 핵은 핵분열하거나 여러(3~5) 중성자를 증발시킬 수 있다.^[37] 냉 핵융합 반응에서는 생성된 융합 핵이 비교적 낮은 여기 에너지(~10–20 MeV)를 가지므로, 핵분열 반응을 겪을 확률이 감소한다. 융합 핵이 바닥 상태로 냉각되면, 하나 또는 두 개의 중성자만 방출하면 되므로, 더 많은 중성자 과잉 생성물을 만들 수 있다.^[38]

3. 1. 고온 핵융합

3. 2. 저온 핵융합

3. 3. 붕괴 생성물

4. 화학적 특성

(주어진 원본 소스가 비어 있으므로, 작성할 내용이 없습니다.)

참조

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_[14] 논문 Alpha-gamma decay studies of 261Sg and 257Rf https://link.springe[...] 2023-06-17
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_[37] 논문 Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)
_[38] 논문 Creating superheavy elements
_[39] 논문 Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium
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_[45] 논문 Spontaneous fission properties of 104262Rf
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_[48] 논문 Synthesis of rutherfordium isotopes in the ²³⁸U(²⁶Mg,xn)^264−xRf reaction and study of their decay properties https://www.dora.lib[...]
_[49] 논문 Experiments on the synthesis of neutron-deficient kurchatovium isotopes in reactions induced by ⁵⁰Ti Ions
_[50] 논문 Study of evaporation residues produced in reactions of ²⁰⁷,²⁰⁸Pb with ⁵⁰Ti
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_[55] 논문 Heaviest nuclei from 48Ca-induced reactions
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_[57] 논문 New Superheavy Element Isotopes: $^\{242\}Pu(^\{48\}Ca,5n)^\{285\}114$ https://digital.libr[...]
_[58] 논문 Superheavy elements in D I Mendeleev's Periodic Table
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_[63] 논문 Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 http://media.iupac.o[...]
_[64] 논문 Spectroscopy of Rf257
_[65] 논문 Multi-quasiparticle states in²⁵⁶Rf
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_[72] 정보