키뉴레닌

3. 기능 장애 및 관련 질환

키뉴레닌 경로의 각 단계(예: 키뉴레닌, 키뉴렌산, 퀴놀린산, 안트라닐산, 3-하이드록시키뉴레닌)에 기능 장애가 생기면 다양한 질환이 나타날 수 있다.^[55]

이러한 기능 장애와 관련된 질환은 다음과 같다.^[55][26]

키뉴레닌 3-모노옥시제네이스의 하향 조절은 유전자 다형성, 사이토카인 또는 이 둘의 조합으로 인해 발생할 수 있다.^{[56][57][29][30]} 이 효소의 결핍은 키뉴레닌 축적을 유발하고, 트립토판 대사 경로를 키뉴레닌산과 안트라닐산 쪽으로 이동시킨다.^[58][31]

키뉴레닌은 또한 자외선을 걸러내는 기능이 있어 노화에 따른 백내장과의 관련성이 연구되고 있으며, 암세포에서 트립토판-2,3-디옥시게나제(TDO) 활성을 높여 항종양 면역 반응을 억제한다는 보고도 있다.

3. 1. 신경정신 질환

• HIV 관련 신경인지장애
• 투렛 증후군
• 틱 장애
• 정신 질환 (예: 조현병, 주요 우울 장애, 불안 장애, 양극성 장애)
• 다발성 경화증
• 헌팅턴병
• 뇌증

3. 2. 기타 질환

• HIV 관련 신경인지장애
• 투렛 증후군
• 틱 장애
• 정신 질환 (예: 조현병, 주요 우울 장애, 불안 장애)
• 다발성 경화증
• 헌팅턴병
• 뇌증
• 지질 대사
• 비알코올성 지방간
• 전신 홍반성 루푸스
• 글루타르산뇨증 1형
• 비타민 B₆ 결핍증
• 호산구증가근육통증후군
• 만성 피로 증후군^[28]

3. 3. 키뉴레닌 3-모노옥시제네이스 (KMO) 결핍

4. 기타 관련 연구

키뉴레닌은 백내장, 암, 양극성 장애 치료제 등과 관련하여 연구되고 있다.

4. 1. 백내장과의 관련성

4. 2. 암과의 관련성

4. 3. 약물 개발 표적

참조

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_[35] 논문 Identification of metabolites, clinical chemistry markers and transcripts associated with hepatotoxicity
_[36] 논문 Fatty liver induced by injection of L-tryptophan
_[37] 논문 The association of kynurenine pathway metabolites with symptom severity and clinical features of bipolar disorder: An overview https://www.cambridg[...] 2022-01
_[38] 논문 Progress in bipolar disorder drug design toward the development of novel therapeutic targets: a clinician’s perspective 2018-03-04
_[39] 논문 Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients
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_[41] 웹사이트 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway http://www.nature.co[...] 2014-07
_[42] 논문 An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor
_[43] 논문 Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation
_[44] 논문 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor negatively regulates dendritic cell immunogenicity via a kynurenine-dependent mechanism
_[45] 논문 Interferon-alpha–induced changes in tryptophan metabolism
_[46] 논문 Downregulated Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity in Schizophrenia and Genetic Association with Schizophrenia Endophenotypes
_[47] 논문 Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and quinolinic acid Immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus
_[48] 논문 Immune activation and degradation of tryptophan in coronary heart disease
_[49] 논문 Kynurenine and its metabolites in Alzheimer's disease patients
_[50] 논문 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation and depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease
_[51] 논문 Plasma kynurenine and related measures in tic disorder patients
_[52] 논문 Kynurenine potentiates the DOI head shake in mice
_[53] 웹사이트 Kynureninase http://www.ebi.ac.uk[...] European Bioinformatics Institute
_[54] 논문 Studies on Oxygenases http://www.jbc.org/c[...] 1957-12-01
_[55] 논문 Kynurenines in the CNS: from endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance
_[56] 웹인용 Neurobiochemie http://www.klinikum.[...]
_[57] 논문 Inflammatory biomarkers and depression
_[58] 논문 Downregulated kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene expression and enzyme activity in schizophrenia and genetic association with schizophrenia endophenotypes
_[59] 논문 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase polymorphisms: relevance for kynurenic acid synthesis in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
_[60] 논문 Kynurenines in CNS disease: regulation by inflammatory cytokines
_[61] 논문 Identification of metabolites, clinical chemistry markers and transcripts associated with hepatotoxicity
_[62] 논문 Fatty liver induced by injection of L-tryptophan