독일 왕국

3. "독일"("German") 용어의 등장

참조

_[1] 문서 The Latin expression regnum Teutonicum corresponds to German-language deutsches Reich in literal translation; however, in German usage, the term deutsches Reich is reserved for the German national state of 1871–1945, see: Matthias Springer, "Italia docet: Bemerkungen zu den Wörtern francus, theodiscus und teutonicus" in: Dieter Hägermann, Wolfgang Haubrichs, Jörg Jarnut (eds.), Akkulturation: Probleme einer germanisch-romanischen Kultursynthese in Spätantike und frühem Mittelalter https://books.google[...] Walter de Gruyter 2013
_[2] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 https://books.google[...] Cambridge University Press 2012
_[3] 문서 a conglomerate, an assemblage of a number of once separate and independent... gentes [peoples] and regna [kingdoms]." Gillingham (1991), p. 124, who also calls it "a single, indivisible political unit throughout the middle ages." He uses "medieval Germany" to mean the tenth to fifteenth centuries for the purposes of his paper. Robinson, "Pope Gregory", p. 729.
_[4] 문서 Robinson, "Pope Gregory", p. 729.
_[5] 문서 Whaley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, pp. 20–22. The titles in Latin were sacri imperii per Italiam archicancellarius, sacri imperii per Germaniam archicancellarius and sacri imperii per Galliam et regnum Arelatense archicancellarius.
_[6] 문서 Cristopher Cope, Phoenix Frustrated: the lost kingdom of Burgundy, p. 287
_[7] 문서 Wilson, Peter, Heart of Europe (2016), p. 256
_[8] 문서 Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities, pp. 290–91.
_[9] 문서 glossed as "more recent tribal duchies" in Patrick J. Geary, Phantoms of Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First Millennium Princeton University Press 1994
_[10] 문서 Herwig Wolfram, "The Shaping of the Early Medieval Principality as a Type of Non-royal Rulership", Viator, 2 (1971), p. 41.
_[11] 문서 "The stem duchy did not arise out of the will of the leaderless stem but rather out of the duke's determination to rule. The duke himself was the political organization of the hitherto unorganized and leaderless stem." Gerd Tellenbach, Königtum und Stämme in der Werdezeit des Deutschen Reiches, Quellen und Studien zur Verfassungsgeschichte des Deutschen Reiches in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, vol. 7, pt. 4 (Weimar, 1939), p. 92, quoted and translated in Freed, "Reflections on the Medieval German Nobility", p. 555.
_[12] 문서 This thesis was popularised for English scholars by [[Geoffrey Barraclough]], The Origins of Modern Germany, 2nd ed. New York 1947
_[13] 문서 That he claimed the whole, and not just Bavaria, has been doubted by Geary, Phantoms of Remembrance, p. 44.
_[14] 문서 [[James Westfall Thompson]], "German Feudalism", [[The American Historical Review]], 28, 3 (1923), p. 454.
_[15] 문서 See Gillingham, Kingdom of Germany, p. 8 & Reindal, "Herzog Arnulf".
_[16] 문서 Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities, pp. 290–292; Beumann, "Die Bedeutung des Kaisertums", pp. 343–347.
_[17] 문서 Avercorn, "Process of Nationbuilding", p. 186; Gillingham, Kingdom of Germany, p, 8; Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities, p. 291.
_[18] 문서 Reynolds, Kingdoms and Communities, pp. 289–298.
_[19] 문서 Mierow, The Two Cities, pp. 376–377.
_[20] 문서 See Otto's list of emperors, Mierow, The Two Cities, p. 451.
_[21] 서적 The Holy Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction Oxford University Press 2018
_[22] 문서 Wilson, Peter, Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire (2016), p. 257
_[23] 서적 Germany: 1789–1933 Volume 1 of Germany: The Long Road West, Heinrich August Winkler Oxford University Press 2006
_[24] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 Cambridge University Press 2012
_[25] 서적 Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms Pennsylvania University Press
_[26] 서적 The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition University of Pennsylvania Press 1999
_[27] 서적 Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085 Clarendon Press 1998
_[28] 서적 The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, Part 2 Cambridge University Press 1995
_[29] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 Cambridge University Press 2012
_[30] 서적 Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085 Clarendon Press 1998
_[31] 서적 Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085 Clarendon Press 1998
_[32] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 Cambridge University Press 2012
_[33] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 Cambridge University Press 2012
_[34] 서적 The Holy Roman Empire by James Bryce T. & G. Shrimpton, 1864 1863
_[35] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 Cambridge University Press 2012
_[36] 서적 Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire 2016
_[37] 웹사이트 the Holy Roman Empire https://www.heraldic[...]
_[38] 문서
_[39] 서적 Europe: The Struggle for Supremacy, 1453 to the Present Penguin UK 2013
_[40] 서적 The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245–1414 https://books.google[...] Cambridge University Press 2013-04-03
_[41] 문서 オットー1世の国王即位及び分割相続の廃止。
_[42] 문서 王権がフランク人に限定されなくなる。
_[43] 문서 神聖ローマ帝国成立。
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