하플로그룹 K (Y-DNA)

3. 하위 계통

하플로그룹 K-M9는 여러 하위 계통으로 나뉘며, 각 계통은 특정 지역 및 민족 집단에서 높은 빈도로 나타난다.^[74][75] 주요 하위 계통은 다음과 같다.

3. 1. 하플로그룹 K2

4. 계통수

하플로그룹 K-M9의 계통수는 다음과 같다.^[74][75]

• K
• * K: 해양동남아(인도네시아, 말레이시아, 브루나이, 싱가포르, 필리핀, 동티모르), 멜라네시아
• * LT (K1)
• ** L (K1a)
• ** T (K1b)
• * K2
• ** K2*: 오스트레일리아 원주민에게서 고비율로 발견됨.
• ** K2a

• ** K2b

• ** K2c (P261): 발리섬에서 드물게 발견.
• ** K2d (P402): 자와섬에서 드물게 발견.
• ** K2e (M147): 극도로 희소; 남아시아에서 단 2건.^[39]

참조

_[1] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 https://isogg.org/tr[...] 2020-07-11
_[2] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 https://isogg.org/tr[...] 2020-07-11
_[3] 논문 Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution 2009-12
_[4] 논문 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree 2008-05
_[5] 서적 Deep Ancestry: The Landmark DNA Quest to Decipher Our Distant Past https://books.google[...] National Geographic 2006-11-20
_[6] 서적 The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey https://books.google[...] Princeton University Press 2017-03-28
_[7] 서적 Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shaped Globalization https://books.google[...] Yale University Press 2008-10-01
_[8] 논문 On the Bantu expansion 2016
_[9] 논문 The Y-chromosome landscape of the Philippines: extensive heterogeneity and varying genetic affinities of Negrito and non-Negrito groups Nature Publishing Group 2010-09-29
_[10] 논문 Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders https://muse.jhu.edu[...] 2005-02
_[11] 논문 Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired Austronesian- and Papuan-speaking communities from Solomon Islands https://onlinelibrar[...] 2005-12-25
_[12] 논문 Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences 2016-04-25
_[13] 논문 A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe 2007-02-01
_[14] 논문 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree 2008-05
_[15] 논문 Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia 2014-06
_[16] 논문 Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans 2014-01
_[17] 논문 The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana 2014-02
_[18] 논문 Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative markers 2014-09
_[19] 논문 Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European 2009
_[20] 논문 Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians 2012
_[21] 논문 Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events 2012
_[22] 논문 Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape 2013
_[23] 논문 Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language 2000-12
_[24] 논문 Genetic structure in contemporary south Tyrolean isolated populations revealed by analysis of Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu polymorphisms http://digitalcommon[...] 2006-08
_[25] 논문 Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios 2004-10
_[26] 논문 High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations http://www.krepublis[...] 2007
_[27] PhD Thesis Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations 2011
_[28] 논문 Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis 2004
_[29] 논문 Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages 2010-07
_[30] 웹사이트 yhrd.org
_[31] 논문 Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route 2010
_[32] 웹사이트 PhyloTree y - Minimal y tree http://www.phylotree[...]
_[33] bioRxiv Generation of high-resolution ''a priori'' Y-chromosome phylogenies using 'next-generation' sequencing data 2013
_[34] 웹사이트 FamilyTreeDNA - Arab T Haplogroup https://www.familytr[...]
_[35] 논문 Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes 2016
_[36] 논문 Reconstructing Austronesian population history in Island Southeast Asia 2014
_[37] 웹사이트 ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup S http://www.isogg.org[...]
_[38] 문서 As of 2017, S1a1a1 (P308) – formerly K2b1a1 – included an unnamed subclade, identified by the SNP P60 (and previously by P304, which has been removed by ISOGG as unreliable). S1a1a1 and any sublades have only been found among indigenous Australians.
_[39] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2019-2020 https://isogg.org/tr[...] 2020-05-08
_[40] 논문 Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome
_[41] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 http://www.isogg.org[...] 2015-02-01
_[42] 문서 Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
_[43] 문서 Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
_[44] 문서 F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
_[45] 문서 Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
_[46] 문서 Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to Haplogroup K2|K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
_[47] 문서 Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
_[48] 문서 Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
_[49] 문서 Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
_[50] 웹사이트 K-M2335 https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-12-09
_[51] 문서 Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
_[52] 문서 Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
_[53] 논문 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2008-05
_[54] 논문 Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2015-03
_[55] 논문 Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2014-01-02
_[56] 논문 The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2014-02-13
_[57] 논문 Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative markers https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2014-09
_[58] 논문 Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2009-08-03
_[59] 논문 Ancient migratory events in the Middle East: new clues from the Y-chromosome variation of modern Iranians https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2012
_[60] 논문 Afghanistan's ethnic groups share a Y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2012
_[61] 논문 Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2013
_[62] 논문 Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2000-12
_[63] 논문 Genetic structure in contemporary south Tyrolean isolated populations revealed by analysis of Y-chromosome, mtDNA, and Alu polymorphisms https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2006-08
_[64] 웹사이트 International Society of Genetic Genealogy, 2015 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 (5 April 2015). https://isogg.org/tr[...] 2015-04-05
_[65] 논문 Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a population sample from continental Greece, and the islands of Crete and Chios https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2004-10-04
_[66] 논문 High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y-Chromosomes Reveal the Genetic Signatures of Pleistocene Origin of Indian Populations http://www.krepublis[...] Kamla-Raj Enterprises
_[67] 서적 Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations University of Maryland (College Park, Md.) 2011-07-06
_[68] 논문 Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis https://www.scienced[...] 2004-04-01
_[69] 논문 Human Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88: a paternal genetic record of early mid Holocene trans-Saharan connections and the spread of Chadic languages https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2010-07
_[70] 웹사이트 YHRD : Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database https://yhrd.org/ 2014-06-12
_[71] 저널 Extended Y chromosome investigation suggests postglacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route https://pubmed.ncbi.[...] 2011-01
_[72] 웹사이트 PhyloTree Y - Minimal Y tree http://www.phylotree[...] 2014-06-12
_[73] 저널 Generation of high-resolution ''a priori'' Y-chromosome phylogenies using 'next-generation' sequencing data
_[74] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 http://www.isogg.org[...] International Society of Genetic Genealogy 2015-04-05
_[75] 저널 Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution 2009-12