하플로그룹 NO (Y-DNA)

3. 분포

하플로그룹 NO*의 구성원에는 영국에서 표본 추출된 인도 출신의 텔루구인과 싱가포르에서 표본 추출된 말레이인이 포함된다.^[8][1]

일본 도쿠시마현에서 5.7%, 후쿠오카현에서 3.8%의 하플로그룹 NO-M214(xN1-LLY22g, O-M175)가 관찰되었다.^[36] 또한 한족, 푸이족, 이족, 말레이인, 몽골족, 다우르족, 에벤키족, 한국인 등에서도 극히 낮은 빈도로 관찰된다.^[37] 이는 NO*뿐만 아니라 N2 또는 N*의 가능성도 있으며, 향후 연구가 필요하다.

4. 기원

하플로그룹 NO의 상위 그룹인 K2a*는 시베리아 우스티시임인 (45,000년 전)과 :en:Oase 1 (37,000~42,000년 전)에서만 발견되었다.^[38] 하플로그룹 NO의 조상인 K2a는 아프리카를 나와 북쪽으로 이동하여 중앙아시아・시베리아를 거쳐 동아시아에 도달, NO가 탄생한 것으로 여겨진다.^[39]

5. 계보

인류 Y-염색체 DNA (Y-DNA) 하플로그룹 계보에서 하플로그룹 NO는 다음과 같이 나타난다.

하플로그룹 NO (K-M214)는 K2a1에서 분기되었으며, 세부 계통은 다음과 같다.^{[1][8][2][16]}

• '''NO''' K-M214 (''M214/Page39; F176/M2314; CTS5858/M2325/F346; CTS11572'')
• * '''N''' ''M231; CTS2947/M2175; Z4891; CTS10118''
• * '''O''' ''M175/P186/P191/P196; F369/M1755; F380/M1757/S27659''

• K2a1 K-M2313 (''M2313/Z4858'')는 Poznik 2016에 의해 명명되었으며, 이전에는 K2a와 구별되지 않았다.^[8]

참조

_[1] 웹사이트 'YFull YTree v5.08' https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-12-09
_[2] 웹사이트 YFull https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-09-25
_[3] 논문 ", "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
_[4] 간행물 "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences."
_[5] 논문 A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe
_[6] 서적 『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史 日本人集団・日本語の成立史』
_[7] 웹사이트 'Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2018' https://isogg.org/tr[...] ISOGG 2018-01-17
_[8] 간행물 "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences" http://www.nature.co[...]
_[9] 간행물 "Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages" https://doi.org/10.1[...] 2023-01-25
_[10] 논문 Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes 2013-06-03
_[11] 논문 Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times http://www.genetics.[...]
_[12] 뉴스 "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes," http://www.eva.mpg.d[...] The Japan Society of Human Genetics 2005
_[13] 웹사이트 Archived copy http://www.nature.co[...] 2017-03-10
_[14] 논문 Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences
_[15] 간행물 "Major East-West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification Across Indonesia," 2010-03-05
_[16] 논문 Abstract New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree http://www.genome.or[...]
_[17] 논문 Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome
_[18] 웹사이트 'Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015' http://www.isogg.org[...] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015) 2015-02-01
_[19] 문서 Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
_[20] 문서 Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
_[21] 문서 F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
_[22] 문서 Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
_[23] 문서 Between 2002 and 2008, [[Haplogroup T-M184]] was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to [[Haplogroup K2|K-M526]], the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
_[24] 문서 Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
_[25] 문서 Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
_[26] 문서 Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
_[27] 웹사이트 'YFull YTree v5.08' https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-12-09
_[28] 문서 Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
_[29] 문서 Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
_[30] 웹사이트 YFull https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-09-25
_[31] 논문 ", "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
_[32] 문서 Poznik (2016)
_[33] 간행물 "Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Descend from Three Neolithic Super-Grandfathers."
_[34] 웹사이트 Haplogroup YTree v5.03 https://www.yfull.co[...] 2017-05-12
_[35] 논문 A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe
_[36] 논문 Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes 2005
_[37] 논문 Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times 2006
_[38] 논문 Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences https://doi.org/10.1[...] 2016
_[39] 서적 DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新日本列島史：日本人集団・日本語の成立史 勉誠出版 2009
_[40] 논문 A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture 2015
_[41] 논문 A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe 2007
_[42] 논문 Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences 2016
_[43] 서적 DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史 日本人集団・日本語の成立史
_[44] 웹사이트 Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences http://www.nature.co[...] 2016