하플로그룹 R (Y-DNA)

3. 분포

하플로그룹 R-M207은 유럽, 남아시아, 중앙아시아 전역에서 흔하게 나타난다. 코카서스와 시베리아에서도 발견된다. 아프리카의 일부 소수 민족도 R-M207의 하위 그룹을 높은 빈도로 가지고 있다.

3. 1. R* (R-M207*)

3. 2. R1 (R-M173)

3. 2. 1. R1a (R-M420)

3. 2. 2. R1b (R-M343)

3. 3. R2 (R-M479)

4. 하위 계통

하플로그룹 R은 Y염색체 하플로그룹의 일종으로, M207 변이에 의해 정의된다. R*은 훈자족, 파슈툰인, 카라슈인에게서 발견된다.

하플로그룹 R은 크게 R1 (M173)과 R2 (M124) 두 개의 하위 계통으로 나뉜다. R1은 다시 R1a (M420)와 R1b (M343)로 분기된다. R2는 M479 변이를 공통으로 가지며, 주요 하위 계통으로는 R2a (M124)가 있다.

5. 계통도

Y-염색체 아담은 인류 Y-염색체 DNA (Y-DNA) 하플로그룹 계보에서 가장 최근의 공통 조상이다.^[19][20]

{| class="wikitable"

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! 사람의 Y염색체 하플로그룹의 계통수

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참조

_[1] ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades – 2016 http://www.isogg.org[...] 2016-12-12
_[2] 논문 Raghavan, M. et al. 2014. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans, Nature, 505, 87–91 http://www.nature.co[...] Nature 2014
_[3] 학술지 The Geographic Origins of Ethnic Groups in the Indian Subcontinent: Exploring Ancient Footprints with Y-DNA Haplogroups 2018
_[4] 서적 Ethnolinguistic Prehistory: The Peopling of the World from the Perspective of Language, Genes and Material Culture https://books.google[...] BRILL 2021-05-25
_[5] 학술지 Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes 2009
_[6] 서적 Deep Ancestry: The Landmark DNA Quest to Decipher Our Distant Past https://books.google[...] National Geographic Books 2007-11-20
_[7] 학술지 Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia 2015-03
_[8] 학술지 Deep Roots for Aboriginal Australian Y Chromosomes 2016-03
_[9] 학술지 The Siberian Paleolithic site of Mal'ta: a unique source for the study of childhood archaeology 2021
_[10] 학술지 Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes 2013-06
_[11] 학술지 Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans 2014-01
_[12] 학술지 Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge 2013-10-18
_[13] 학술지 Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America https://academic.oup[...] 2006
_[14] 서적 The Genetic Prehistory of Eastern North America: Evidence from Ancient and Modern DNA https://books.google[...] University of California, Davis 2005
_[15] 서적 Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas https://books.google[...] Grand Central Publishing 2022-02-08
_[16] 학술지 Distribution of Y chromosomes among Native North Americans: A study of Athapaskan population history 2008-12
_[17] 학술지 Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome
_[18] 웹사이트 Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 http://www.isogg.org[...] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015) 2015-02-01
_[19] 문서 Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
_[20] 문서 Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
_[21] 문서 F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
_[22] 문서 Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
_[23] 문서 Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to Haplogroup K2|K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
_[24] 문서 Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
_[25] 문서 Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
_[26] 문서 Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
_[27] 문서 K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India.
_[28] 문서 Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
_[29] 문서 Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
_[30] 학술지 A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe http://www.ncbi.nlm.[...]
_[31] 학술지 The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American http://www.sciencedi[...]
_[32] 웹사이트 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://www.nature.co[...] null null
_[33] 웹사이트 ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree http://www.isogg.org[...]
_[34] 학술지 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree 2008-05
_[35] 학술지 Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History http://usmex.ucsd.ed[...]
_[36] 논문 Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan https://www.nature.c[...] 2007
_[37] 논문 Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans 2014-01-02
_[38] 웹사이트 Eupedia http://www.eupedia.c[...]
_[39] 논문 Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic ancestry in the male settlers of Iceland 2000
_[40] 논문 The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective 2000
_[41] 논문 Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles 2001
_[42] 논문 The case of the unreliable SNP: recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion 2006
_[43] 논문 Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
_[44] 간행물 The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations
_[45] 간행물 The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity http://www.pnas.org/[...]
_[46] 간행물 Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a
_[47] 문서 en:Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations
_[48] 논문 Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan https://www.nature.c[...] 2007
_[49] 논문 Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans 2014-01-02
_[50] 논문 Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic ancestry in the male settlers of Iceland 2000
_[51] 논문 The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective 2000
_[52] 논문 Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles 2001
_[53] 논문 The case of the unreliable SNP: recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion 2006
_[54] 논문 Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
_[55] 저널 인용 The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations