북게르만족

3. 역사

3. 1. 선사 시대

3. 2. 고대

3. 3. 중세 초기

3. 4. 바이킹 시대

3. 5. 중세 후기 및 근대

4. 사회와 문화

(이전 출력이 없으므로 수정할 내용이 없습니다. 원본 소스와 함께 문서 제목, 섹션 제목, 요약(있는 경우)을 제공해주시면 위키텍스트 형식으로 작성해드리겠습니다.)

5. 현대의 유산

북게르만족에서 유래한 현대 집단으로는 덴마크인, 페로 제도인, 아이슬란드인,^[83] 노르웨이인,^[84] 스웨덴인이 있다.^{[85][2][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]} 이들은 종종 '스칸디나비아인'으로 불리지만,^{[101][102][46][103][104]} 아이슬란드인과 페로 제도인, 심지어 덴마크인조차도 때때로 '스칸디나비아인'에 포함되지 않는 경우가 있다.^{[101][102][89][95]} 북게르만족은 독일인, 영국인, 네덜란드인과 함께 게르만 민족의 주요 분파 중 하나를 구성한다.^{[109][110][111]}

참조

_[1] 웹사이트 What is Old Norse? https://oldnorse.org[...] 2022-05-13
_[2] 서적 (제목 없음) 1963
_[3] 서적 (제목 없음) 2010
_[4] 서적 (제목 없음) 1980
_[5] 서적 (제목 없음) 2001
_[6] 서적 (제목 없음) 2001
_[7] 서적 (제목 없음) 2003
_[8] 서적 (제목 없음) 1939
_[9] 서적 (제목 없음) 1968
_[10] 서적 (제목 없음) 2001
_[11] 논문 Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe 2015-03-02
_[12] 논문 Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians 2015-12-24
_[13] 웹사이트 History of Europe: The Bronze Age https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[14] 논문 Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia 2015-06-11
_[15] 서적 (제목 없음) 2006
_[16] 서적 (제목 없음) 2006
_[17] 서적 (제목 없음) 1976
_[18] 웹사이트 History of Europe: Barbarian migrations and invasions The Germans and Huns https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[19] 웹사이트 Ancient Rome: The Barbarian Invasions https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[20] 서적 (제목 없음) 1962
_[21] 서적 (제목 없음) 2006
_[22] 서적 (제목 없음) 2003
_[23] 서적 (제목 없음) 551
_[24] 서적 (제목 없음) 1962
_[25] 서적 (제목 없음) 1974
_[26] 서적 (제목 없음) 1974
_[27] 서적 (제목 없음) 1962
_[28] 서적 (제목 없음) 1990
_[29] 서적 (제목 없음) 1962
_[30] 서적 (제목 없음) 2006
_[31] 서적 (제목 없음) 1997
_[32] 서적 THE NORTH GERMANIC TRIBES 2005
_[33] 웹사이트 Germanic law https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[34] 웹사이트 Germanic religion and mythology https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[35] 서적 (제목 없음) 2006
_[36] harvard
_[37] harvard
_[38] harvard
_[39] harvard
_[40] harvard
_[41] harvard
_[42] harvard
_[43] harvard
_[44] harvard
_[45] harvard
_[46] harvard
_[47] harvard
_[48] 웹사이트 Viking https://www.britanni[...] 2018-07-13
_[49] harvard
_[50] harvard
_[51] harvard
_[52] harvard
_[53] harvard
_[54] harvard
_[55] harvard
_[56] harvard
_[57] harvard
_[58] harvard
_[59] harvard
_[60] harvard
_[61] harvard
_[62] harvard
_[63] harvard
_[64] harvard
_[65] harvard
_[66] harvard
_[67] harvard
_[68] harvard
_[69] harvard
_[70] harvard
_[71] harvnb "The North Germanic tribes spoke a language we now call Old Norse, the ancestor of the modern Scandinavian languages"
_[72] harvnb
_[73] harvnb
_[74] 웹사이트 "The Wrath of the Northmen": The Vikings and their Memory https://fathom.lib.u[...] 2024-02-27
_[75] harvnb
_[76] harvnb "I have seen the Rus as they came on their merchant journeys and encamped by the Atil (Itil, Volga). I have never seen more perfect physical specimens, tall as date palms, blond and ruddy..."
_[77] harvnb
_[78] harvnb "The final stage of Norse expansion in the west, the colonization of Greenland (which led to the discovery of America) was accomplished by notable feats of seamanship. These feats, moreover, afford striking illustration of the Norsemen’s great contribution to navigation: they were the first people who ventured to sail out to open sea. Before viking seafarers appear in history, voyagers were careful to follow courses that were never far from land; but the Norsemen struck boldly across the North Sea to the Orkneys and Shetlands, and they voyaged regularly across the open Atlantic to Iceland. These voyages were made in open boats; some ships had a small cabin at either end, but many had no deck or shelter of any kind. The hardships of voyages across the open sea in such ships must have been intense, but the Norsemen endured them habitually."
_[79] harvnb "The first settler in Iceland was the Norwegian Ingolf, who came in 874. 1 He was soon followed by many of the exiled chiefs whom Harald had driven from Norway and the Scottish isles-; they were indeed the larger part of the settlement. They were men who were determined to keep their old freedom at all costs, and preferred to give up their possessions and live in a wild and barren land rather than yield to the new monarchy. They came to Iceland to save the old order of heroic society, and they preserved it there much as it had existed in early Germanic times before the great kings made their power absolute by destroying the free fellowship of the small lord and his men. The settlers of Iceland were men of more than usual force of will and love of liberty, the best of the Norwegian aristocracy The proportion of well-born men there was greater than in any other Scandinavian land, and it was in the gentleman's household that the literary arts were practised most. Half or more than half of the literary power of Norway was thus concentrated in Iceland, and it throve the more for its concentration."
_[80] harvnb "In the eyes of the literary historian the most important of the Norse colonies is Iceland ; for in Iceland was written the greater part of Old Norse literature that survives today, and almost all that is of merit."
_[81] harvnb "The Greenland settlers and their descendants were intrepid voyagers and explorers. Eirlk’s son Leif sailed across the Atlan- tic to Scotland on his way to Norway, making the first trans- oceanic voyage known in history. And the Greenlanders also reached America ; no one who is acquainted with the historical value of Norse tradition can doubt it."
_[82] harvnb "These Langobards thus lived south of the Angles and east of the Saxons, and were somewhat removed from the North Germanic people of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway"
_[83] harvnb "[Icelanders] dwell chiefly by the shores of the ocean, and in the river valleys which open towards the sea. They belong for the greater part to the North Germanic race (Norsemen)"
_[84] harvnb "Some 86 percent of the people living in Norway today are ethnic Norwegians, a North Germanic people"
_[85] harvnb "Similarly homogenous are the countries of China (with 92% Han Chinese) and Korea, as well as Scandinavia, in particular Sweden (where more than 95% belong to the North Germanic people of the Swedes. Iceland, which is even more homogeneous, was settled by the Vikings almost a thousand years ago, has remained unspoilt by outsiders ever since, and is now comprised almost exclusively of Icelanders in the ethnic sense.)"
_[86] harvnb "The word Nordic is used to suggest the racial origin of the peoples of Northern and Northwestern Europe. The word Germanic denotes their linguistic and cultural unity. The main divisions of Germanic are: 1. East Germanic, including the Goths, both Ostrogoths and Visigoths. 2. North Germanic, including the Scandinavians, Danes, Icelanders, Swedes, \"Norsemen.\" 3. West Germanic. The Old English (Anglo-Saxons) belong to this division, of which the continental representatives are the Teutonic peoples, High and Low Franks and Saxons, Alemanni, etc. English and German are both West Germanic languages. Care should be taken not to confuse Germanic and German. Germcm (Deutsch) is the literary language of the High German division of the Teutonic dialects. \"Germanic\" (Germanisch) is a generic term covering all that is included in East, North and West Germanic."
_[87] harvnb "The Germanic peoples were of course in no way particularly identified with the territory covered by modern Germany; they stretched from southern Russia, where the Goths were settled in the fourth century, when they first came to grips with Roman power, to Iceland, which was settled mainly by Norwegians in the ninth century. The usual subdivisions are: North-Germanic, comprising the Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, and Icelanders; West- Germanic, mainly English (Anglo-Saxon), Dutch, and German; East-Germanic, Goths, Vandals, and Burgundians. These subdivisions have been established rather on the basis of language than of geographical location, yet, roughly speaking, the results of the two classifications coincide."
_[88] harvnb "The North Germanic, or Scandinavian group, consists of the Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, and Icelanders. It is particularly interesting to follow the literary activity of three of these Germanic peoples, the Anglo-Saxons, the Scandinavians, and the Germans."
_[89] harvnb "The Scandinavians, or the Danes, Norwegians and Swedes, Teutonic peoples, are so intimately related in race and history, that, except with frequent repetition, it would be impossible to discuss them separately."
_[90] harvnb "With the Swedes, Danes, and Icelanders, the Norwegians constitute the Scandinavian or Norse branch of the Teutonic stock."
_[91] harvnb "Teutonic, ( Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Icelanders, English..."
_[92] harvnb "SCANDINAVIANS. People of the Scandinavian group of the Teutonic stock, consisting of the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes, and Icelanders."
_[93] harvnb "Scandinavians (Swedes, Danes, Norwegians) are Germanic peoples, specifically the northern branch, and descendants of Vikings. Their languages and histories are closely related."
_[94] harvnb "Germanic peoples (3A). A broadly defined group of peoples from northern Europe who began to move south into Germany and other areas of Europe around 500 B.C. Modern Germans, Austrians, Dutch, and the Scandinavians (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes) are the most numerous of today's Germanic peoples."
_[95] harvnb "The Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes represent the Scandinavian branch of the Teutonic family."
_[96] harvnb "European branches are thus divided... Germanic... Scandinavians ..Danes and Norwegians. Swedes. Icelanders."
_[97] harvnb "Danes, Icelanders, Norwegians, and Swedes are Germanic, descendants of peoples who first moved northward from the North European Plain some 10,000 years ago, when the ice sheets of the last glacial period retreated."
_[98] harvnb ""TEU'I'ONIC PEOPLES, a term now applied: (1) to the High Germans, including the German inhabitants of Upper and Middle Germany and those of Smtzerland and Austria. (2) The Low Germans, including the Frisians, the Plattdeutsch, the Dutch, the Flemings, and the English descended from the Saxons, Angles, etc., who settled in Britain. (3) The Scandinavians, including the NorWegians, Swedes, Danes and Icelanders.""
_[99] harvnb "The Teutonic peoples, as they exist at the present day, are divided into two principal branches: (1) Scandinavian, embracing Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders; and (2) West Germanic, which includes, besides the German-speaking inhabitants of Germany proper (see Germany) and Switzerland (q. v.), also the population of the Netherlands (the Dutch), the Flemings of Belgium, and the descendants of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in Great Britain, together with their offspring in North America, Australia, and other British colonies— the English- speaking peoples of the world."
_[100] harvnb "Under the Indo-Europeans, the chief groups are the Celts (Irish, Manx, Welsh); the Teutons, consisting of Scandinavians (Danes, Swedes, Norwegians), Low Germans (English, Netherlands, Low Germans), and High Germans..."
_[101] harvnb "The north Germanic peoples occupied the southern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. They subsequently spread westward across the Danish islands and Jutland, and their linguistic descendants today are the Scandinavians and the Icelanders."
_[102] harvnb "The Vikings, known by a number of different names, the most prevalent alternate name Norse or Norsemen, were related to GERMANICS, that is, other Germanic-speaking peoples. Grouped together as SCANDINAVIANS they are also described as Danes, Swedes, and Norwegians, depending on the part of Scandinavia in which they originated..."
_[103] harvnb "Not all the Germanic peoples left the Baltic region in the period concerned and consequently those that stayed behind were to become the ancestors of the present-day North Germanic peoples, the Scandinavians"
_[104] harvnb "The Norse (people of the north) are known today as the Scandinavians— the people of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands"
_[105] harvnb "The Viking Period of history-books, as is everywhere understood, does not extend backwards to include such early exploits but begins only at the end of the eighth century when the Scandinavian peoples and the Danes show unwonted activity and more than usual daring and persistency in their robberies across the seas."
_[106] harvnb
_[107] harvnb
_[108] harvnb
_[109] 웹사이트 Germanic https://www.collinsd[...] HarperCollins 2019-09-04
_[110] harvnb
_[111] harvnb
_[112] 웹사이트 Slik ble vi germanersvermere https://www.dagblade[...] 2018-07-14
_[113] harvnb