유럽 연합의 조약

3. 조약의 수정과 비준

유럽 연합 조약은 새로운 회원국 가입, 기존 조약 내용 변경 등 다양한 이유로 수정될 수 있다. 조약 수정 및 비준 절차는 다음과 같다.

유럽 연합의 근간을 이루는 두 개의 주요 조약은 유럽 연합 조약(마스트리흐트 조약, 1993년 발효)과 유럽 연합의 기능에 관한 조약(로마 조약, 1958년 발효)이다. 이 조약들은 발효 이후 최소 10년에 한 번씩 수정되었으며, 가장 최근의 수정은 2009년에 발효된 리스본 조약이다.

조약 수정은 일반 개정 절차와 간소화된 개정 절차를 통해 이루어진다. 일반 개정 절차는 유럽 이사회에 개정 제안을 제출하면서 시작된다. 유럽 이사회 의장은 유럽 헌법 회의를 소집하여 변경 사항을 초안하거나, 변경 사항이 사소한 경우 유럽 이사회 자체에서 제안을 초안한다. 이후 모든 국가 지도자가 서명하고 각국에서 비준하는 정부 간 회의(IGC)를 진행한다.^[8]

실제 유럽 헌법 회의는 1999–2000년 유럽 헌법 회의에서 기본권 헌장을 초안할 때와 유럽의 미래에 관한 컨벤션에서 헌법 조약을 초안할 때 두 번 소집되었다. 이전에는 조약이 공무원에 의해 초안되었다.

간소화된 개정 절차는 유럽 연합 기능 조약 제3부에만 적용되며, EU의 권한을 증가시키지 않는 변경만 허용한다.

유럽 연합의 법적 근거를 변경하려면 각 회원국에서 헌법 절차에 따라 비준해야 한다. 모든 회원국의 비준이 완료되어야 조약이 발효된다. 아일랜드에서는 헌법 개정을 위해 국민 투표를 실시해야 한다. 반면 독일은 기본법에서 국민 투표를 인정하지 않으므로 의회가 비준을 수행한다.

덴마크와 아일랜드는 국민 투표에서 조약이 부결된 후 양보안을 받아 두 번째 국민 투표를 통해 가결시켰다. 프랑스와 네덜란드는 국민 투표 결과 유럽 헌법 조약 발효가 포기되었다. 노르웨이는 두 차례 국민 투표에서 가입 조약이 부결되었다.

3. 1. 조약 수정 절차

3. 2. 비준 절차

4. 비준된 조약

유럽 연합(EU)은 여러 조약을 통해 발전해 왔다. 유럽 연합의 근간을 이루는 두 가지 주요 조약은 1993년에 발효된 마스트리흐트 조약(유럽 연합 조약, TEU)과 1958년에 발효된 로마 조약(유럽 연합의 기능에 관한 조약, TFEU)이다. 이 주요 조약들은 2009년에 발효된 리스본 조약을 포함하여 최소 10년에 한 번씩 수정 조약에 의해 변경되었다. 리스본 조약은 기본권 헌장을 법적으로 구속력 있게 만들었지만, 별도의 문서로 남아있다.

다음은 비준된 조약에 관한 표이다. (하위 섹션의 '주요 조약 목록' 및 '가입 조약'과 중복되는 내용은 간략하게 표로 제시)

4. 1. 주요 조약 목록

4. 2. 가입 조약

5. 비준되지 않은 조약

• '''유럽 방위 공동체 설립을 위한 조약'''

• '''유럽 헌법 제정을 위한 조약''' (유럽 헌법 조약)

• '''1972년과 1994년 노르웨이 가입 조약'''

6. 관련 조약

유럽 연합 법률의 정식적인 부분은 아니지만, 여러 밀접하게 관련된 조약들이 EU와 그 전신 기구의 틀 밖에서 회원국들 사이에 체결되었다. EU가 해당 분야에서 활동할 권한이 없었기 때문이다. EU가 그러한 자율성을 확보한 후, 이러한 협약들 중 많은 수가 점차 EU의 법적 도구로 대체되었다.

이러한 조약의 예로는 쉥겐 조약과 1985년과 1990년 각각의 협약이 있지만, 암스테르담 조약에 의해 EU 법에 통합되었으며, 조약에 서명하지 않은 나머지 EU 회원국에게는 이를 이행하는 것에 대한 선택적 참여가 주어졌다.^[116]

EU 법적 틀 밖에서 정부 간 조약으로 서명된 다른 협정에는 2003년 EU 군대 지위 협정,^[79] 2004년 EU 청구 협정,^[80] 유로군을 설립하는 2004년 스트라스부르 조약,^[81][82] 유럽 헌병대를 설립하는 2007년 벨센 조약,^[83][84] 테러리즘 방지에 관한 2005년 프륌 협약, 2009년 중앙 집중식 관세 통관에 관한 협약,^[85] 2011년 기밀 정보 보호에 관한 협정,^[86] 유럽 안정 메커니즘을 설립하는 2012년 유럽 안정 메커니즘 설립 조약, 유로존의 재정 규칙에 관한 2012년 유럽 재정 협약, 단일 특허 법원을 설립하는 2013년 통합 특허 법원에 관한 협정, 및 단일 해결 기금을 설립하는 2014년 단일 해결 기금 협정이 있다. 그러나 이러한 모든 협정은 EU 회원국의 가입이 열려 있다.

프륌 협약, 유럽 재정 협약 및 단일 해결 기금 협정의 텍스트는 서명국의 의도가 조약의 조항을 EU 구조에 통합하고 EU 법이 조약보다 우선해야 함을 명시하고 있다. TFEU 수정안이 비준되어 ESM의 창설을 승인하고 EU 조약에서 법적 근거를 부여했다.

2015년 6월 이사회의 5명의 의장, 유럽 위원회, ECB, 유로 그룹 및 유럽 의회에서 발행한 업데이트된 EMU 개혁 계획은 2017년 6월까지 유럽 재정 협약 및 단일 해결 기금 협정을 EU 법의 틀에 통합하고, 2025년까지 정부 간 유럽 안정 메커니즘을 통합하기 위한 로드맵을 제시했다.^[87] 재정 협약의 내용을 EU 법에 통합하고 ESM을 대체할 유럽 통화 기금을 창설하기 위한 유럽 위원회의 제안은 2017년 12월에 발표되었다.^[88][89]

유럽 재정 협약의 제목 3은 2024년 4월 4일부터 발효된 경제 거버넌스 프레임워크 개혁의 일부로 EU 법에 통합되었다 (규정 (EU) 2024/1263, 이사회 지침 (EU) 2024/1265 및 이사회 규정 (EU) 2024/1264).^[150]

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_[84] 웹사이트 Treaty between the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Italian Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Portuguese Republic, establishing the European Gendarmerie Force EUROGENDFOR https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-05-23
_[85] 웹사이트 Convention on centralised customs clearance, concerning the allocation of national collection costs retained when traditional own resources are made available to the EU budget http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-06-16
_[86] 웹사이트 Agreement between the Member States of the European Union, meeting within the Council, regarding the protection of classified information exchanged in the interests of the European Union http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-06-14
_[87] 웹사이트 Completing Europe's Economic and Monetary Union: Report by Jean-Claude Juncker in close cooperation with Donald Tusk, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Draghi and Martin Schulz http://www.consilium[...] European Commission 2015-06-21
_[88] 웹사이트 Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down provisions for strengthening fiscal responsibility and the medium-term budgetary orientation in the Member States http://eur-lex.europ[...] European Union 2017-12-29
_[89] 웹사이트 Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION on the establishment of the European Monetary Fund http://eur-lex.europ[...] European Union 2018-01-29
_[90] 웹사이트 Statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format on the ESM reform and the early introduction of the backstop to the Single Resolution Fund https://www.consiliu[...] 2020-12-08
_[91] 뉴스 Italy's economy minister signals he is ready to back ESM reform https://www.reuters.[...] 2020-12-08
_[92] 웹사이트 The proposed amendments to the Treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism – Think Tank https://www.europarl[...] 2020-12-08
_[93] 웹사이트 Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of France, the Republic of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of the Netherlands on mutual assistance between the respective customs administrations https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-05-24
_[94] 웹사이트 Protocol on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2022-01-01
_[95] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-24
_[96] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-24
_[97] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-24
_[98] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters and to the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice with the adjustments made to them by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, of Ireland and of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, by the Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic and by the Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-24
_[99] 간행물 COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2014-11-07
_[100] 웹사이트 Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-11-08
_[101] 웹사이트 A Brief History of the EUI https://www.eui.eu/A[...] European University Institute 2019-02-10
_[102] 웹사이트 Slovakia becomes 24th contracting state to the EUI https://www.eui.eu/S[...] European University Institute 2020-02-08
_[103] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-25
_[104] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-25
_[105] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-25
_[106] 웹사이트 Convention on the Accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-25
_[107] 간행물 REGULATION (EC) No 593/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2008-07-04
_[108] 간행물 Commission Decision of 22 December 2008 on the request from the United Kingdom to accept Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and the Council on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2009-01-15
_[109] 웹사이트 Agreement between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the Gradual Abolition of Checks at their Common Borders https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2014-10-31
_[110] 웹사이트 Agreement with the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway concerning the latters' association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-11-01
_[111] 웹사이트 Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-11-01
_[112] 웹사이트 Protocol between the European Union, the European Community, the Swiss Confederation and the Principality of Liechtenstein on the accession of the Principality of Liechtenstein to the Agreement between the European Union, the European Community and the Swiss Confederation on the Swiss Confederation's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-11-01
_[113] 웹사이트 Convention on the determination of the State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged with one of the Member States of the European Communities https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2009-12-18
_[114] 간행물 COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2003-02-25
_[115] 웹사이트 Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on the criteria and mechanisms for establishing the state responsible for examining a request for asylum lodged in Denmark or any other Member State of the European Union and "Eurodac" for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-11-08
_[116] 웹사이트 The Schengen area and cooperation http://www.auswaerti[...] European Union 2015-06-27
_[117] 웹사이트 Convention implementing the Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of controls at their common borders, signed at Schengen on 14 June 1985 https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2014-10-31
_[118] 웹사이트 Convention concerning the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-06-03
_[119] 웹사이트 Convention on the accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia, and the Slovak Republic to the Convention on the elimination of double taxation in connection with the adjustment of profits of associated enterprises http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-06-03
_[120] 웹사이트 Protocol concerning the accession of the Kingdom of Sweden to the Agreement on the levying of charges for the use of certain roads by heavy goods vehicles https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2019-01-16
_[121] 웹사이트 Charging of heavy goods vehicles: Eurovignette Directive https://eur-lex.euro[...] Eur-Lex 2019-01-26
_[122] 간행물 Council Directive 93/89/EEC of 25 October 1993 on the application by Member States of taxes on certain vehicles used for the carriage of goods by road and tolls and charges for the use of certain infrastructures https://eur-lex.euro[...] 1993-11-12
_[123] 웹사이트 Convention defining the Statute of the European Schools https://treatydataba[...] Government of the Netherlands 2019-03-23
_[124] 웹사이트 Report of the Secretary-General to the Board of Governors of the European Schools for the year 2013 https://www.eursc.eu[...] European Schools 2014-04-08
_[125] 간행물 COUNCIL DECISION of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol) http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2009-05-15
_[126] 웹사이트 Europol (European Police Office) http://europa.eu/leg[...] European Union 2014-11-06
_[127] 간행물 List of Union acts adopted before the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters which cease to apply to the United Kingdom as from 1 December 2014 pursuant to Article 10(4), second sentence, of Protocol (No 36) on transitional provisions https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2014-12-01
_[128] 간행물 Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union's financial interests by means of criminal law https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2017-07-28
_[129] 간행물 COUNCIL DECISION 2009/917/JHA of 30 November 2009 on the use of information technology for customs purposes http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2009-12-10
_[130] 간행물 Council Decision 2003/169/JHA of 27 February 2003 determining which provisions of the 1995 Convention on simplified extradition procedure between the Member States of the European Union and of the 1996 Convention relating to extradition between the Member States of the European Union constitute developments of the Schengen acquis in accordance with the Agreement concerning the Republic of Iceland's and the Kingdom of Norway's association with the implementation, application and development of the Schengen acquis https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2003-03-12
_[131] 간행물 2002/584/JHA: Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States – Statements made by certain Member States on the adoption of the Framework Decision https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2002-07-18
_[132] 웹사이트 Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the surrender procedure between the Member States of the European Union and Iceland and Norway https://www.consiliu[...] European Council 2019-10-14
_[133] 웹사이트 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the verification of the full application of the Schengen acquis by Croatia https://ec.europa.eu[...] European Commission 2019-10-22
_[134] 간행물 Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2014-05-01
_[135] 웹사이트 Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] European Commission 2018-04-17
_[136] 웹사이트 Treaty Concerning a European Vehicle and Driving Licence Information System (EUCARIS) https://treatydataba[...] Government of the Netherlands 2024-05-18
_[137] 웹사이트 Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Austria concerning the intensification of cross-border cooperation, particularly in the fight against terrorism, cross-border crime and illegal migration https://www.auswaert[...] Federal Law Gazette 2006 II p. 626 2012-01-30
_[138] 간행물 Council Decision 2008/615/JHA of 23 June 2008 on the stepping up of cross-border cooperation, particularly in combating terrorism and cross-border crime http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2008-08-06
_[139] 웹사이트 Agreement details http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2012-04-14
_[140] 웹사이트 Agreement details https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2019-07-19
_[141] 웹사이트 Agreement details https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2019-07-19
_[142] 웹사이트 Solemn Proclamation - Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2019-07-19
_[143] 웹사이트 CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2019-07-19
_[144] 웹사이트 Agreement Amending the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-05-02
_[145] 웹사이트 European Stability Mechanism details http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2013-01-31
_[146] 웹사이트 Note Verbale http://www.efsf.euro[...] General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union 2013-01-31
_[147] 문서 The treaty entered in force for 16 of the original signatories on 27 September 2012, and for Estonia on 4 October 2012.
_[148] 웹사이트 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union details http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2019-04-04
_[149] 웹사이트 Fiscal compact enters into force http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2013-01-31
_[150] 간행물 Regulation (EU) 2024/1263 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2024 on the effective coordination of economic policies and on multilateral budgetary surveillance and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97 https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2024-04-30
_[151] 웹사이트 Agreement amending the Agreement on the transfer and mutualisation of contributions to the Single Resolution Fund https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-05-02
_[152] 웹사이트 Member states sign agreement on bank resolution fund http://www.gr2014.eu[...] European Commission 2014-05-30
_[153] 웹사이트 Agreement details http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2014-05-30
_[154] 웹사이트 Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties between the Member States of the European Union https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2023-10-28
_[155] 간행물 Agreement for the Termination of Bilateral Investment Treaties Between the Member States of the European Union https://www.cambridg[...] Cambridge University Press 2021-01-21
_[156] 서적 Rethinking Investor-State Arbitration https://books.google[...] Springer Publishing 2023
_[157] 웹사이트 Protocol to the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court on provisional application (PPA) https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-05-02
_[158] 웹사이트 Protocol on Privileges and Immunities (PPI) of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-05-02
_[159] 웹사이트 Agreement on a Unified Patent Court http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2013-03-05
_[160] 웹사이트 Signing of the Unified Patent Court agreement http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2013-02-19
_[161] 웹사이트 Protocol concerning the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention of 29 February 1968 on the mutual recognition of companies and legal persons https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-12-31
_[162] 웹사이트 Convention on the Mutual Recognition of Companies and Legal Persons https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2019-01-19
_[163] 웹사이트 Protocol on a possible modification of the conditions of entry into force of the Agreement relating to Community Patents https://www.consiliu[...] Council of the European Union 2021-12-31
_[164] 서적 The European Marketplace https://books.google[...] Springer Publishing
_[165] 웹사이트 CONVENTION ENTRE LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, RELATIVE A L'APPLICATION DU PRINCIPE "NE BIS IN IDEM" SIGNEE A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987 https://diplomatie.b[...] Government of Belgium 2018-07-20
_[166] 웹사이트 Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on double jeopardy https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-07-20
_[167] 웹사이트 Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on Double Jeopardy http://treaties.fco.[...] Government of the United Kingdom 2018-07-20
_[168] 간행물 The Schengen acquis – Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement of 14 June 1985 between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of checks at their common borders https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2018-12-26
_[169] 간행물 2000/365/EC: Council Decision of 29 May 2000 concerning the request of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen acquis https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2018-12-26
_[170] 간행물 2002/192/EC: Council Decision of 28 February 2002 concerning Ireland's request to take part in some of the provisions of the Schengen acquis https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2018-12-26
_[171] 간행물 2004/926/EC: Council Decision of 22 December 2004 on the putting into effect of parts of the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2018-12-26
_[172] 웹사이트 CONVENTION RELATIVE A LA SUPPRESSION DE LA LEGALISATION D'ACTES DANS LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, FAITE A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987. https://diplomatie.b[...] Government of Belgium 2018-12-23
_[173] 웹사이트 Convention abolishing the legalisation of documents in the Member States of the European Communities https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-12-23
_[174] 간행물 REGULATION (EU) 2016/1191 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 July 2016 on promoting the free movement of citizens by simplifying the requirements for presenting certain public documents in the European Union and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2018-12-26
_[175] 웹사이트 ACCORD RELATIF A L'APPLICATION, ENTRE LES ETATS MEMBRES DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, DE LA CONVENTION DU CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE SUR LE TRANSFEREMENT DES PERSONNES CONDAMNEES, FAIT A BRUXELLES LE 25 MAI 1987 https://diplomatie.b[...] Government of Belgium 2018-07-21
_[176] 웹사이트 Agreement on the application among the Member States of the European Communities of the Council of Europe Convention on the transfer of sentences persons https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-07-21
_[177] 웹사이트 Agreement between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification and modernization of the method of transmission of extradition requests https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-06-03
_[178] 웹사이트 The European Convention on Extradition Order 1990 (Amendment) Order 1996 http://www.legislati[...] Government of the United Kingdom 2018-06-03
_[179] 웹사이트 Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the simplification of procedures for the recovery of maintenance payments https://treatydataba[...] Government of the Netherlands 2019-01-06
_[180] 간행물 Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 of 18 December 2008 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2009-01-10
_[181] 간행물 COMMISSION DECISION of 8 June 2009 on the intention of the United Kingdom to accept Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2009-06-12
_[182] 간행물 Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2009-06-12
_[183] 간행물 Initiative of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Estonia, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Hungary, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic and the Kingdom of Sweden for a Council Framework Decision 2009/…/JHA of … on transfer of proceedings in criminal matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2009-09-12
_[184] 웹사이트 Convention between the Member States of the European Communities on the Enforcement of Foreign Criminal Sentences https://verdragenban[...] Government of the Netherlands 2018-06-03
_[185] 간행물 Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA of 27 November 2008 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to judgments in criminal matters imposing custodial sentences or measures involving deprivation of liberty for the purpose of their enforcement in the European Union https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2008-12-05
_[186] 서적 The European Union's Fight Against Corruption: The Evolving Policy Towards Member States and Candidate Countries https://books.google[...] Cambridge University Press
_[187] 웹사이트 CONVENTION ON INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS http://aei.pitt.edu/[...] 2019-01-12
_[188] 간행물 Resolution on the Convention on Insolvency Proceedings of 23 November 1995 https://eur-lex.euro[...]
_[189] 웹사이트 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND TO THE EC REGULATION ON INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS https://www.insolven[...] Government of the United Kingdom 2019-01-12
_[190] 서적 European Cross-border Insolvency Regulation https://books.google[...] Intersentia nv
_[191] 간행물 Council regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings http://eur-lex.europ[...] 2000-06-30
_[192] 간행물 Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the 'Initiative of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Finland with a view to the adoption of a Council Regulation on insolvency proceedings, submitted to the Council on 26 May 1999' https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2000-03-15
_[193] 웹사이트 Service of documents in civil or commercial matters http://europa.eu/leg[...] European Union 2007-04-05
_[194] 간행물 Council regulation (EC) No 1348/2000 of 29 May 2000 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2000-06-30
_[195] 웹사이트 Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on the service of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters http://www.consilium[...] Council of the European Union 2018-05-31
_[196] 웹사이트 Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters http://europa.eu/leg[...] European Union 2004-03-23
_[197] 간행물 Council Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 of 29 May 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility for children of both spouses https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2000-06-30
_[198] 간행물 Regulation (EU) 2016/95 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 repealing certain acts in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters https://eur-lex.euro[...] 2016-02-02
_[199] 웹사이트 Agreement – Consilium http://www.consilium[...] Consilium.europa.eu 2015-05-20
_[200] 문서 なお、wikipedia{{仮リンク|反差別法|en|Anti-discrimination law}}という記事に、反差別のための法律や条約　全般について解説されている。
_[201] 웹사이트 Simplified Treaty Revision and Passerelles http://www.publicati[...] The United Kingdom Parkiament 2010-04-24
_[202] 문서 同条約において50年間の有効期限が設定されていた。欧州石炭鉄鋼共同体はニース条約で欧州共同体に吸収された。
_[203] 문서 アムステルダム条約に引き継がれた。
_[204] 문서 OJ L 29, 1.2.1985
_[205] 웹사이트 Ireland seeks sign-off on Lisbon treaty guarantees http://www.europeanv[...] European Voice 2009-05-12
_[206] 웹사이트 EU treaty closer to ratification after Czech deal agreed http://euobserver.co[...] EUobserver.com 2009-10-30
_[207] 웹사이트 MEP queries legal basis for Ireland's Lisbon guarantees http://www.irishtime[...] The Irish Times 2009-04-02
_[208] 웹사이트 Klaus gets opt-out http://www.europeanv[...] European Voice 2009-10-29