튀르키예인

3. 튀르키예인의 분포

튀르키예인은 튀르키예에 가장 많이 거주하는 주요 민족이다. 튀르키예 외에도 독일, 불가리아, 네덜란드, 프랑스, 북마케도니아, 그리스, 키프로스(북키프로스), 루마니아, 러시아, 미국, 영국 등에도 튀르키예인들이 거주한다. 현대에는 서유럽, 북미, 오세아니아, 구 소련 국가 등지로 이주한 튀르키예 디아스포라가 형성되어 있다.

4. 언어

거의 대부분의 튀르키예인들은 튀르키예어를 사용한다. 터키 동부 지방에는 쿠르드인들과 함께 쿠르드어를 쓰는 튀르키예인들도 있다. 남동부 시리아 국경 지방에는 가끔 아랍어를 사용하는 튀르키예인들도 살고 있다.^[118]

5. 종교

튀르키예인의 98%는 수니파 이슬람교를 믿으며 시아파를 믿는 사람도 있다.^[1] 나머지 2%는 개신교이다.^[1] 튀르키예인은 거의 대부분이 무슬림(이슬람교도)이다.^[1]

6. 유전자

아나톨리아는 고대부터 문명의 교차로였기 때문에, 튀르키예인의 유전자는 다양하다. 튀르키예인의 유전체는 남유럽, 서아시아 인구와 유사하며, 중앙아시아인의 영향도 일부 존재한다.^[413]

튀르키예인의 Y염색체 해프로그룹 상위 6종의 비율은 다음과 같다.^[413]

튀르키예어는 알타이어족에 속하지만, 몽골계 C2 계열의 비율은 매우 적고, 다른 몽골로이드계 유전자의 비율도 매우 적다. Bülent İplikçioğlu에 따르면 튀르키예인은 현재의 몽골을 영토로 삼고 몽골인을 통치했지만, 원래는 몽골인과 달리 고대부터 코카소이드계 유목민과 몽골인과 다른 아시아계 유목민의 집단이었으며, 인종적으로는 오히려 코카소이드에 속한다.^[414]

7. 튀르키예인의 국가

셀주크 제국 (1037년–1194년), 룸 술탄국 (1077년–1307년), 오스만 제국 (1299년–1923년), 튀르키예 (1923년–현재)

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_[198] 웹사이트 The Cretan Rebellion of 1897 and the Emigration of the Cretan Muslims https://refugeehisto[...] 2024-10-29
_[199] 웹사이트 Palestinian, Turkish ethnic mixture persists over times https://www.al-monit[...] Al-Monitor 2022-11-03
_[200] 웹사이트 Searching for the missing brides of Cyprus https://cyprus-mail.[...] 2018-07-29
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_[208] 간행물 Suriye'de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri http://suriyeturkmen[...] 2016-10-06
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_[210] 서적 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808–1975 https://archive.org/[...] Cambridge University Press
_[211] 논문 Suriye Türkleri https://21yyte.org/t[...] 21. Yüzyıl Türkiye Enstitüsü
_[212] 웹사이트 Complex nationalities: the stories of Syria's Turkmen https://english.enab[...] Enab Baladi
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_[215] 서적 Berber Culture on the World Stage: From Village to Video Indiana University Press
_[216] 서적 Algeria: Post Report, Foreign Service Series 256 https://books.google[...] U.S. Department of State (9209)
_[217] 간행물 Current Notes on International Affairs Department of Foreign Affairs (Australia)
_[218] 서적 Anthroponymie Algérienne: Noms de Famille Modernes d'origine Turque Éditions scientifiques de Pologne
_[219] 웹사이트 Que reste-t-il des Turcs et des Français en Algérie? http://www.slateafri[...] Slate Afrique
_[220] 웹사이트 REPORT ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN LIBYA https://www.ohchr.or[...] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2019-09-27
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_[223] 웹사이트 PERCHÉ NESSUNO PARLA DELLA LIBIA? http://www.difesaonl[...] Difesa Online 2019-09-26
_[224] 웹사이트 Strife in Libya Could Presage Long Civil War https://www.nytimes.[...] 2019-09-18
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_[229] 웹사이트 52% of Europeans say no to Turkey's EU membership https://www.aysor.am[...] Aysor 2020-11-07
_[230] 서적 European Muslims, Civility and Public Life: Perspectives On and From the Gülen Movement Continuum International Publishing Group
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_[232] 웹사이트 Census Takes Aim to Tally'Hard to Count' Populations http://www.washdiplo[...] 2011-05-05
_[233] 서적 Encyclopedia of Cleveland History John Wiley & Sons
_[234] 웹사이트 ABD'de kaç Türk var? https://www.sabah.co[...] Sabah 2020-11-30
_[235] 서적 South Carolina's Turkish People: A History and Ethnology University of South Carolina
_[236] 웹사이트 Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables http://www12.statcan[...] statcan.gc.ca 2017-10-25
_[237] 웹사이트 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex Australia http://www.censusdat[...] 2011-07-13
_[238] 웹사이트 Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue http://www.trncinfo.[...] 2010-10-03
_[239] 웹사이트 Avustralya'daki Kıbrıslı Türkler ve Temsilcilik... http://www.kibrisgaz[...] 2011-05-31
_[240] 웹사이트 AVUSTURALYA'DA KIBRS TÜRKÜNÜN SESİ http://www.brtk.net/[...] 2011-07-18
_[241] 웹사이트 Sözünüzü Tutun http://www.starkibri[...] 2012-09-10
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_[243] 뉴스 Avustralyalı Türkler'den, TRT Türk'e tepki http://www.milliyet.[...] 2009-05-14
_[244] 웹사이트 Community Information Summary:Bulgaria http://www.immi.gov.[...] Australian Government 2012-05-16
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_[248] 서적 The Rise of Turkish Nationalism, 1876–1908 Cass
_[249] 서적 The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success Oxford University Press
_[250] 서적 Concise Compendium of the World's Languages https://books.google[...] Taylor & Francis 2013-07-28
_[251] 웹사이트 The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus http://www.presidenc[...] 2016-04-26
_[252] 간행물 Municipal language compliance in Kosovo Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
_[253] 서적 Citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro: Effects of Statehood and Identity Challenges Routledge
_[254] 웹사이트 History and Legal Dimension of Turkish Education in Iraq https://www.orsam.or[...] Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies 2021-08-25
_[255] 서적 The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts Council of Europe
_[256] 서적 The Croatian Language in the Digital Age Springer
_[257] 서적 Manual of Language Acquisition https://books.google[...] Walter de Gruyter GmbH
_[258] 서적 The European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages: Collected Texts Council of Europe
_[259] 서적 Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik Walter de Gruyter
_[260] 서적 The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe University of Chicago Press
_[261] 서적 Language Conflict in Algeria: From Colonialism to Post-Independence Multilingual Matters
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_[263] 간행물 Klassifikatorische Merkmale des Iraktürkischen
_[264] 서적 Anadolu ve Rumeli Ağızları Bibliyografyası: Anadolu, Kıbrıs, Suriye, Irak, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, ve Romanya Türk Ağızları Kültür Bakanlığı
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_[266] 서적 Languages of Iraq: Ancient and Modern British School of Archaeology in Iraq 2021-08-24
_[267] 서적 Turcology in Mainz Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
_[268] 서적 Modals in the Languages of Europe: A Reference Work Walter de Gruyter
_[269] 서적 The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia: An Areal Perspective Walter de Gruyter
_[270] 서적 The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus Oxford University Press
_[271] 웹사이트 Abdurrahman Mustafa: Turkmens' Survival Can Be Ensured by Syria's Territorial Integrity http://www.orsam.org[...] ORSAM 2016-10-10
_[272] 서적 Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Brill Publishers
_[273] 서적 Eurojihad Cambridge University Press
_[274] 서적 The Oxford Handbook of European Islam Oxford University Press
_[275] 간행물 Turkish Community in the Czech Republic: A Diaspora in the Making?
_[276] 서적 Islam in Denmark: The Challenge of Diversity Lexington Books
_[277] 서적 Religion, Secularism, and Political Belonging Duke University Press
_[278] 서적 Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Brill Publishers
_[279] 서적 Religious Education: Between Radicalism and Tolerance Springer 2018-06-06
_[280] 서적 Muslim Identity and the Balkan State C. Hurst & Co.
_[281] 서적 The Rise of Turkey: The Twenty-First Century's First Muslim Power Potomac Books
_[282] 서적 The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey RAND Corporation
_[283] 서적 The Political, Social and Economic Development of Northern Cyprus Eothen Press
_[284] 서적 Muslim Places of Worship in Cyprus Association of Cypriot Archaeologists
_[285] 간행물 Endangered community:The Turkoman identity in Iraq http://repository.bi[...] Routledge
_[286] 서적 Middle East Politics for the New Millennium: A Constructivist Approach Lexington Books
_[287] 서적 Making and Remaking Mosques in Senegal Brill Publishers|BRILL
_[288] 서적 Art of Islam Parkstone International
_[289] 서적 The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East University of North Carolina Press
_[290] 서적 Religion in an Expanding Europe Cambridge University Press
_[291] 웹사이트 Odunpazari Historical Urban Site https://whc.unesco.o[...] 2012-04-13
_[292] 웹사이트 Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Volume 12 https://books.google[...] Leiden: E.J. Brill 2008-07-07
_[293] 웹사이트 Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Volume 3 https://books.google[...] Leiden : E.J. Brill 2008-07-07
_[294] 웹사이트 Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience https://archive.org/[...] Liverpool University Press 2013-06-12
_[295] 뉴스 Pamuk wins Nobel Literature prize http://news.bbc.co.u[...] BBC 2006-10-12
_[296] 웹사이트 The Rough Guide to Turkey https://books.google[...] Rough Guides 2013-06-03
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_[298] 웹사이트 Scientific and technical journal articles https://data.worldba[...] 2024-05-15
_[299] 웹사이트 Nature Index | Country/Territory tables https://www.nature.c[...] 2024-05-15
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_[304] 뉴스 The Husband-and-Wife Team Behind the Leading Vaccine to Solve Covid-19 https://www.nytimes.[...] 2020-11-10
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_[306] 뉴스 Huawei, 5G, and the Man Who Conquered Noise https://www.wired.co[...] 2020-11-16
_[307] 뉴스 The Key For Huawei, And China, In 5G Race Is A Turkish Professor https://www.forbes.c[...] 2018-07-27
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_[314] 뉴스 Meet the woman who discovered a whole new type of galaxy https://www.national[...] 2018-11-21
_[315] 뉴스 Turkish woman professor among scientists who revealed first photo of black hole https://www.hurriyet[...] 2019-04-11
_[316] 논문 The Multiple Histories of Western Asia: Perspectives from Ancient and Modern Genomes https://pubmed.ncbi.[...]
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_[319] PhD Comparative Analyses For The Central Asian Contribution To Anatolian Gene Pool With Reference To Balkans http://etd.lib.metu.[...] 2020-10-30
_[320] 논문 The genetic structure of the Turkish population reveals high levels of variation and admixture 2021-09-07
_[321] 논문 A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia.
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_[327] 웹사이트 アーカイブされたコピー http://www.devplan.o[...] 2014-02-14
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_[335] 뉴스 UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs http://www.guardian.[...] 2011-08-01
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_[337] 웹사이트 Foreigners in thee Netherlands http://statline.cbs.[...]
_[338] 웹사이트 Dutch Queen Tells Turkey 'First Steps Taken' On EU Membership Road http://www.nisnews.n[...] 2008-12-16
_[339] 웹사이트 Dutch Turks swindled, AFM to investigate http://www.dutchnews[...] 2008-12-16
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_[341] 뉴스 Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat http://www.bbc.co.uk[...] BBC News 2010-11-10
_[342] 웹사이트 Turkey's Islamic Ambitions Grip Austria http://www.cbn.com/c[...] 2011-10-16
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_[345] 웹사이트 Koning Boudewijnstichting doorprikt clichés rond Belgische Turken http://www.demorgen.[...] 2010-11-15
_[346] 웹사이트 TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates http://factfinder2.c[...] 2012-10-03
_[347] 웹사이트 Immigration and Ethnicity: Turks http://ech.case.edu/[...] 2010-02-07
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_[351] 웹사이트 Ankara Historia http://www.swedenabr[...] 2011-04-14
_[352] 웹사이트 Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, am Ende des Jahres http://www.bfs.admin[...] Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2014-10-06
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_[354] 뉴스 Old foes, new friends http://www.smh.com.a[...] 2008-12-26
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_[356] 웹사이트 Danmarks Statistik http://statistikbank[...] 2015-06-13
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_[367] 웹사이트 Türk işadamları Tunus’ta yatırım imkanı aradı http://www.zaman.com[...] 2013-03-27
_[368] 웹사이트 Tunus ve tarih http://arsiv.zaman.c[...] Zaman
_[369] 서적 Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World https://books.google[...] William Carey Library 2012-11-12
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_[371] 웹사이트 An Aspect that Gets Overlooked: The Turks of Syria and Turkey http://www.usak.org.[...] 2013-02-02
_[372] 웹사이트 A unified Syria without Assad is what Turkmen are after http://www.todayszam[...] 2013-02-02
_[373] 웹사이트 ORSAM Report No: 83 http://www.orsam.org[...]
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_[377] 웹사이트 Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition http://english.al-ak[...] 2012-03-02
_[378] 웹사이트 Tension adds to existing wounds in Lebanon http://www.todayszam[...] 2011-04-06
_[379] 웹사이트 2011 Population Census in the Republic of Bulgaria (Final data) http://www.nsi.bg/ce[...] National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria 2015-03-08
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_[381] 논문 2015-03-08
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_[394] 웹사이트 Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Этнодемографический сборник Республики Казахстан 2014 http://www.stat.gov.[...]
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_[397] 웹사이트 KYRGYZSTAN: Focus on Mesketian Turks http://www.irinnews.[...] 2010-03-17
_[398] 웹사이트 Переписи населения Азербайджана 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 годов https://web.archive.[...]
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_[400] 웹사이트 Minorities in the South Caucasus: Factor of Instability? http://www.nato-pa.i[...] 2012-01-16
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_[404] 웹사이트 Ukrainian Census (2001):The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue http://www.ukrcensus[...] 2012-01-16
_[405] 웹사이트 Religion, Secularism and the Veil in Daily Life Survey http://www.konda.com[...] Konda Arastirma 2007-09
_[406] 웹사이트 IHGD - Soru Cevap - Azınlıklar http://sorular.right[...] 2015-03-18
_[407] 웹사이트 THE ALEVI OF ANATOLIA: TURKEY'S LARGEST MINORITY http://www.angelfire[...] 2015-03-18
_[408] 웹사이트 Shi'a http://www.philtar.a[...] 2015-03-18
_[409] 웹사이트 http://ec.europa.eu/[...]
_[410] 웹사이트 35,000 Moslems convert into Christianity each year in Turkey http://www.chowk.com[...]
_[411] 웹사이트 TURKEY - Christians in eastern Turkey worried despite church opening http://www.hurriyetd[...] 2015-03-18
_[412] 웹사이트 BBC News - When Muslims become Christians http://news.bbc.co.u[...] 2015-03-18
_[413] 논문 Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia
_[414] 서적 Ephesos im Spiegel seiner Inschriften
_[415] 서적 The minority concept in the Turkish context: practices and perceptions in Turkey, Greece, and France https://books.google[...] Brill
_[416] 서적 Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law https://books.google[...] 2016-04-22
_[417] 웹사이트 Turkey https://www.cia.gov/[...] Central Intelligence Agency 2017-12-12
_[418] 웹사이트 Turkey Demographics https://worldpopulat[...] 2022-09-26
_[419] 서적 Westview Press
_[420] 서적 United States Government Publishing Office
_[421] 인용 Westview Press
_[422] 인용 Directorate General of Press and Information
_[423] 인용 Routledge
_[424] 인용 Harrassowitz Verlag
_[425] 인용 Taylor & Francis
_[426] 서적 The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878 https://books.google[...] Oxford University Press 2011-02-17
_[427] 서적 Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present http://archive.org/d[...] Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO 2005
_[428] 서적 The history of Turkey http://archive.org/d[...] Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press 2001
_[429] 서적 The Middle East, Abstracts and Index https://books.google[...] Northumberland Press 1999
_[430] 인용 United States Government Publishing Office
_[431] 인용 Routledge
_[432] 인용 Policy Press
_[433] 서적 Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West https://books.google[...] University of Texas Press 2016-09-22
_[434] 백과사전 Routledge
_[435] 서적 Everyday life in Central Asia : past and present https://books.google[...] Indiana University Press 2007
_[436] 서적 The Elements of Hittite https://books.google[...] Cambridge University Press 2013-03-24
_[437] 서적 The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000–323 BCE) https://books.google[...] Oxford University Press 2013-03-23